I-UK iyizwe lokuqala emhlabeni ukukhiqiza ugesi ongaphehlwanga ngamalahle, futhi yiyona kuphela izwe elifinyelele uguquko ukusuka ezizindeni ezinkulu eziphehla ugesi ngamalahle ngokuphehla ugesi ohlanganiswe nge-biomass ukuya kumalahle amakhulu- izitshalo zamandla ezicishiwe ezinophethiloli we-biomass omsulwa ongu-100%.

Ngo-2019, ingxenye yamandla amalahle e-UK yehlisiwe isuka ku-42.06% ngo-2012 yaya ku-1.9% kuphela.Ukugcinwa kwamanje kwamandla wamalahle kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukushintshwa okuzinzile nokuphephile kwegridi, futhi ukunikezwa kwamandla e-biomass sekufinyelele ku-6.25% (ukunikezwa kwamandla e-biomass yaseChina Inani lilinganiselwa ku-0.6%).Ngo-2020, kuzoba nezimboni ezimbili kuphela zamandla kagesi (i-West Burton ne-Ratcliffe) ezisele e-UK ukuze ziqhubeke nokusebenzisa amalahle njengophethiloli wokukhiqiza ugesi.Ekuhlelweni kwesakhiwo samandla saseBrithani, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-biomass kuzoba ngu-16% esikhathini esizayo.

1. Isizinda sokuphehlwa kwamandla ahlanganiswe nge-biomass e-UK

Ngo-1989, i-UK yamemezela uMthetho kagesi (uMthetho kagesi ka-1989), ikakhulukazi ngemva kokungena kwe-Noe-Fossil Fuel Obligatio (NFFO) ku-Electricity Act, i-UK kancane kancane yaba nesethi ephelele yezinqubomgomo ezivuselelekayo nezijeziso zokujezisa. ukukhiqiza amandla.I-NFFO iyimpoqo ngomthetho ukuthi ifune ukuthi izimboni zamandla kagesi zase-UK zinikeze iphesenti elithile lamandla avuselelekayo noma amandla enuzi (ukukhiqiza amandla angewona ama-fossil).

Ngo-2002, i-Renewable Obligation (RO) yathatha indawo ye-Non-fossil Fuel Obligation (NFFO).Ngokwesisekelo sokuqala, i-RO ayiwafaki amandla enuzi, futhi ikhipha Izikweletu Zesibopho Esivuselelwayo (ama-ROC) (Qaphela: okulingana Nesitifiketi Esiluhlaza SaseShayina) sikagesi ohlinzekwa ngamandla avuselelekayo ukuze ulawule futhi Izitshalo Zamandla ziyadingeka ukuze kuhlinzekwe iphesenti elithile lamandla avuselelekayo.Izitifiketi ze-ROCs zingathengiswa phakathi kwabahlinzeki bamandla, futhi lezo zinkampani eziphehla ugesi ezingenawo amandla anele avuselelekayo okukhiqiza ugesi zizothenga ama-ROC engeziwe kwezinye izinkampani ezikhiqiza ugesi noma zibhekane nezinhlawulo eziphezulu zikahulumeni.Ekuqaleni, i-ROC eyodwa imele amadigri ayinkulungwane wamandla avuselelekayo.Ngo-2009, i-ROC izobe isivumelana nezimo ekulinganiseni ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla avuselelekayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni waseBrithani wakhipha i-Energy Crop Scheme ngo-2001, ehlinzeka ngosizo kubalimi ukuze batshale izitshalo zamandla, njengezihlahla zamandla kanye notshani bamandla.

Ngo-2004, i-United Kingdom yamukela izinqubomgomo zemboni ezifanele ukuze kugqugquzelwe izimboni ezinkulu zamandla asetshenziswa ngamalahle ukuthi zenze ugesi ohlanganiswe nge-biomass futhi zisebenzise uphethiloli we-biomass ukukala izibonelelo.Lokhu kuyafana nakwamanye amazwe ase-Europe, kodwa kuhlukile emixhasweni yezwe lami yokuphehla ugesi we-biomass.

Ngo-2012, ngokudlondlobala kokusebenza kwe-biomass, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi okuhlanganisiwe kwe-biomass e-United Kingdom kwashintshela ezimbonini ezinkulu zamandla aphehlwa ngamalahle ezishisa uphethiloli we-biomass omsulwa ongu-100%.

2. Umzila wezobuchwepheshe

Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho nezifundo zokuphehlwa kwamandla ahlanganiswe nge-biomass e-Europe ngaphambi kuka-2000, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi ahlanganiswe yi-biomass yase-United Kingdom konke sekwamukele umzila wobuchwepheshe wokuhlanganisa ukuvutha oqondile.Kusukela ekuqaleni, yamukela kafushane futhi yalahla ngokushesha i-biomass yakudala kanye nokwabelana kwamalahle.Isigayo samalahle (i-Co-Milling coal mill coupling), kuya kubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa amandla okukhiqiza amandla omlilo we-biomass wezitshalo zamandla aqhutshwa ngamalahle, zonke zamukela ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa i-Co-Feeding noma ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa isithando somlilo esizinikele.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezi zimboni ezithuthukisiwe eziphehla amandla kagesi ngamalahle ziye zakha izindawo zokugcina, zokudla, nezokuphakela amafutha emvelo ehlukene, njengemfucuza yezolimo, izitshalo zamandla, kanye nemfucuza yamahlathi.Noma kunjalo, uguquko olukhulu lokuphehla amandla kagesi ngamalahle lusengakwazi ukusebenzisa ngokuqondile amaboilers akhona, amajeneretha aphehla umusi, iziza nezinye izikhungo zokuphehla ugesi, abasebenzi besikhungo sikagesi, amamodeli okusebenza nokugcinwa kwawo, izinsiza zegridi nezimakethe zikagesi, njll. ., okungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwesikhungo Iphinde igweme ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu kwamandla amasha kanye nokwakhiwa okungafuneki.Kuyimodeli eyonga kakhulu yoshintsho noma uguquko oluyingxenye olusuka emalahleni luye ekuphehleni ugesi we-biomass.

3. Hola iphrojekthi

Ngo-2005, ukuphehlwa kukagesi okuhlanganisiwe kwe-biomass e-United Kingdom kwafinyelela ku-2.533 billion kWh, okubalelwa ku-14.95% wamandla avuselelekayo.Ngo-2018 nango-2019, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi we-biomass e-UK kwadlula ukukhiqizwa kukagesi wamalahle.Phakathi kwazo, iphrojekthi yayo ehamba phambili yokuphehla ugesi i-Drax isinikeze amandla angaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-13 kWh yamandla e-biomass iminyaka emithathu ilandelana.